改良整块切除术是一种混合技术，涉及先将膀胱肿瘤的外生部分分块切除，然后对肿瘤基底进行整块切除。在本研究中，我们将探讨改良整块切除术对肿瘤大小≥3cm的膀胱肿瘤患者的疗效。
适应症：Bladder Cancer、Bladder Neoplasm、Bladder Tumor
入组条件
纳入标准
- Age 18 to 80 years old with informed consent
- Bladder tumours with maximal dimension of ≥ 3cm
排除标准
- Bladder tumour detected during intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy (These patients warrant more aggressive treatment, i.e. radical cystectomy)
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate of \<60mL/min.
- Presence of clinically significant cardiovascular disease (History of acute myocardial infarction, presence of uncontrolled angina within 3 months before screening, New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure, presence of ventricular arrhythmias, or presence of second-degree or third-degree heart block)
- Presence of GOLD Stage III or IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- History of bleeding disorder or use of anti-coagulant
- Presence of other active malignancy
- ECOG performance status ≥ 2 (Ambulatory and capable of all self care but unable to carry our any work activities. Confined to bed or chair less than 50% of waking hours)
- Pregnancy
- Presence of metallic foreign body or implant which is not MRI compatible
- Known history of claustrophobia
入组条件维持 ClinicalTrials.gov 原始英文登记资料，实际入组资格以研究团队的正式评估与受试者知情同意书为准。资料来源：ClinicalTrials.gov，每两周自动更新，最后同步：2026年10月8日。