The prostate gland is a clinically important male accessory sex gland and vital for its production of semen. Prostate cancer (PCa) is now ranked 3th in annual incidence of male cancer and ranked 5th for cancer-related death in men in Hong Kong which accounts for about 10.9 deaths per 100,000 persons. Its incidence is rising rapidly, almost tripled in the past 10 years. Fortunately, with the improvement in awareness of the disease and also increasing use of serum prostate specific antigen for early case identification, many patients are diagnosed at an earlier stage. However, unlike other malignancy, PCa is characterized by its slow progression nature. Therefore, some patients with low grade low volume disease might never suffered from PCa related complications or mortality. As a result, recent year, there is an increase use a more conservative approach, active surveillance (AS), for management of early prostate cancer. The principle of AS is selecting patients with low risk of disease and offered them regular monitoring, instead of radical local therapy, unless patient's cancer was noticed to progressing. By using this approach, patients might avoid possible complications related to treatment. Currently, people could use some clinical parameters, imaging and repeated prostate biopsy to assess and monitor the aggressiveness/ progression of PCa. However, these parameters suffered from defects, such as low correlation to the final PCa pathology or not readily repeatable for patients. Therefore, there is a need to identify more easy, safe and repeatable monitoring of the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Exosome is genetic materials secreted by cells and could be measured in various body fluid. There are some studies suggested it is a potential marker for PCa diagnosis and monitoring. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of urinary exosome and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
Conditions: Prostate Cancer
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- For non prostate cancer group
- Male subject with age 45 or above
- No clinical evidence of PCa, serum PSA \<4 ng/dl and normal digital rectal examination.
- For prostate cancer group
- Male subject with age 45 or above
- Clinically diagnosed to have localized PCa and planned for radical prostatectomy
- No prior systemic therapy for PCa used, including hormonal or chemotherapy.
Exclusion Criteria
- History of medications usage that can affect serum PSA levels within 6 months of study enrolment.
- History of active urinary tract infection within 1 month of study enrolment.
- History of invasive prostate / bladder treatments within 6 months of study enrolment.
- History of concurrent renal/bladder cancer within 6 months of study enrolment.
Eligibility criteria are kept as the original English records from ClinicalTrials.gov; actual eligibility is determined by the research team's formal assessment and the informed consent form. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, updated automatically every two weeks. Last synced: 2026年11月5日.