经自然腔道进行的腔内手术是治疗泌尿道及胃肠道（GI）良性病灶及早期癌症的有效「无切口」治疗方法。然而，目前的做法受限于使用基本手术器械，缺乏灵巧性，亦无法有效进行组织牵拉及提供三角操作。
适应症：Early Rectal Neoplasms
入组条件
纳入标准
- Patients diagnosed with nonpedunculated early rectal neoplasms \>/= 2 cm in size in the rectum (\>/= 3 cm and \</= 18 cm from the anal verge) that are deemed not feasible for en bloc resection with conventional polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as judged by two experienced endoscopists
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading I-III
- Informed consent available
排除标准
- Presence of endoscopic signs of massive submucosal invasion (including excavated/depressed morphology, Kudo's pit pattern Type V, or Sano's capillary pattern Type IIIB)
- Evidence of deep invasion on endorectal ultrasonography
- Unfavorable histopathologic features on biopsy (mucinous cancer, poor differentiation, or gross submucosal invasion)
- Patients with other synchronous colorectal neoplasms in addition to the index neoplasm that are indicated for surgical resection
- Patients with recurrence from previous EMR or ESD
- Patients with non-correctable coagulopathy
- Patients with contraindications to general anesthesia
- Vulnerable population (e.g., mentally disabled, pregnancy.)
入组条件维持 ClinicalTrials.gov 原始英文登记资料，实际入组资格以研究团队的正式评估与受试者知情同意书为准。资料来源：ClinicalTrials.gov，每两周自动更新，最后同步：2026年10月8日。